Circulation is a very important component to a successful ecosystem pond.  The circulation system basically consists of the pipes and plumbing.  The proper size pump and pipe diameter are extremely important for the aesthetics of a water feature.  A pond is a living, breathing ecosystem that needs constant oxygen, just like humans.  An efficient circulation system keeps the water moving and provides the necessary oxygen levels for healthy fish and plants.

Filtration is a vital and necessary part of any ecosystem pond.  A proper filtration system includes the use of both a biological and mechanical filter.  A biological filter provides surface area for beneficial bacteria to colonize and removes excess nutrients from the water.  A mechanical filter will not only pre-filter the water and house the pump, but it will also skim debris from the water's surface to prevent the accumulation of organic materials on the pond floor.  Proper filtration will keep your pond water crystal clear.

Aquatic plants are Mother Nature's true filters.  Plants are great for adding character to a pond by providing color and texture, but from a filtration perspective, they are second to none.  Thriving from excess nutrients in a pond and depriving algae of its food source, the aquatic plants in the water garden, given proper coverage, are critical for the overall health of the ecosystem.  Marginal plants can be planted directly in the gravel.  Their roots will spread throughout the gravel, cleaning the pond by using nutrients and growing vigorously. 

Although your pond will water your aquatic plants for you, they still need occasional trimming and other attention.  Water lilies and lotus, among other fast growing aquatics, require repotting just about every year.  This will ensure that they have room for new growth, and along with monthly fertilization will keep them looking their best.  Dead growth should be removed to prevent it from fouling the pond water.  

Rocks and Gravel are an integral part of any pond ecosystem.  Natural rocks and gravel also help to give your pond a more natural appearance, as if created by Mother Nature, herself. Rocks and gravel are not only beautiful to look at, but they also help protect the pond liner from UV rays and damage from sharp objects.  Rocks and gravel reduce maintenance by reducing pond muck build-up.  They also provide tremendous surface area for beneficial bacteria to break down excess nutrients in the water and dissolved organic debris on the pond floor. 

Beneficial Bacteria naturally balances the pond.  Beneficial bacteria helps maintain a strong biological balance, providing clean, clear and healthy water conditions.  You can purchase beneficial bacteria to add to your pond to ensure healthy levels.